Shunt-wound machine tool (Parallel Machine Tool) , also call paralell connection kinematic machine tool (Parallel Kinematic Machine) , because do not have hypostatic reference axis, reason is called again fictitious axis machine tool (Virtual Axis Machine Tool) . Shunt-wound machine tool is to be based on principle of platform of Stewart of orgnaization of dimensional paralell connection to develop, it is spatial mechanism learns, technology of mechanical production technology, numerical control technology, computer soft hardware and CAD/CAM technology height are united in wedlock, the high-tech product that develop and becomes, can be regarded and a kind of couplet robot application in machining domain. The inherent limitation that it overcame orgnaization of series connection of traditional machine tool (cutting tool can the edge secures slideway feed, freedom of cutting tool exercise spends on the low side, equipment machines flexibility and maneuverability to wait not quite) , can realize CNC Machining of much coordinate linkage, assemble and measure wait for a variety of functions, spare parts of can contented complex and free curved surface (be like blade, impeller, propeller and mixed pattern model antrum) machine a requirement, it is machine tool of a kind of when appear in recent years new idea. Shunt-wound machine tool is taking the view of people stage by stage, become the heat of research. This task adds up to shunt-wound orgnaization and numerical control machine tool to go up about theoretical foundation in the knot, the characteristic of basis application is abounded further and perfect relevant content, offerred machining center of shunt-wound machine tool, if pursue,1 is shown. Machining center of shunt-wound machine tool, in the tradition 6 axes added on the workbench of shunt-wound machine tool a revolving stage, achieved 7 axes linkage; Still deserve to have knife library, can come true to change a knife automatically, in order to reduce the labor intensity of handlers. Machining center of shunt-wound machine tool implemented the automation that shunt-wound machine tool machines, finished shunt-wound orgnaization thereby to machining center of shunt-wound machine tool change, in order to get used to the need that shunt-wound machine tool admits. If structure of machine tool of paralell connection of principle of structure of shunt-wound machine tool pursues 2 are shown, shunt-wound machine tool is You Dingping stage, change platform and composition of 6 drive lever. Move the installation on platform to have electric main shaft, hold cutting tool is placed on electric main shaft. Normally, the bore with a reamer of gram of tiger of classics of one aspect of the matter of drive lever is linked together with calm platform, bore with a reamer of ball of classics of other one aspect of the matter and move platform to be linked together. Can grow control to use the campaign of platform through changing the lever of 6 drive lever, make move platform and electric main shaft to acquire different dimensional position and attitude thereby. In the meantime, establish ties on workbench revolving stage of a numerical control, can achieve 7 axes linkage, in order to improve the process capability of shunt-wound machine tool. When electric main shaft clip holds cutting tool high speed to rotate and follow when moving platform to move together, can be below different position and attitude to workpiece (go up in workbench or clip holds revolving stage to go up) undertake machining. From the graph 2 can see, shunt-wound machine tool is not axis of actual existence X, Y, Z, A, B, C, cannot control each reference axis directly like traditional machine tool, adopt a change however 6 drive lever (abbreviation solid axle) staff grows to realize axis of X of cutting tool edge, Y, Z, A, B, C (call empty the axis again) of motion. Accordingly, in the development of the research that dominates a technology in shunt-wound machine tool and numerical control system, the most crucial question is the associated movement that how controls 6 solid axles to realize cutting tool, in order to get the cutting tool contrail of a requirement. The principle of shunt-wound orgnaization is shown 3 times like the graph, the component part a total of the orgnaization 14; Kinematic pair a total 18, the shift that includes 6 one freedom to spend among them deputy, the tiger that 6 2 freedom spend overcomes bore with a reamer (A1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) , the ball bore with a reamer that 6 3 freedom spend (B1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6) . Among them bore with a reamer of usable also ball replaces drive lever and the Hu Ke bore with a reamer that decide platform joint, such every drive lever became much a passive degree of freedom isolated degree of freedom that confuses its axes direction to rotate, but the integral number of degrees of freedom of the orgnaization is changeless. Accordingly, this is a shunt-wound orgnaization that has 6 freedom to spend. The composition of system of numerical control of machining center of Nextpage shunt-wound machine tool the system of numerical control of machining center of shunt-wound machine tool that by group of Harbin measure cutting tool finite liability company and development of combination of Harbin Institute of Technology develop, accuse in order to be versed in machine for the foundation, have the system of open mode numerical control of own intellectual property. This system is what to control card to be developed for core with motion of Kollmorgen much axis is in on Windows NT or Windows 2000 platform, by hardware and software two parts are comprised. Among them, hardware part produces motion, it is the executant of system of whole numerical control; The software of numerical control system that uses VC++ development is mature the structural characteristic of shunt-wound machine tool, control characteristic, and the complex part that is machined (wait like turbine lamina) characteristic, it is the soul of machining center of shunt-wound machine tool. Frame of hardware of system of numerical control of hardware of system of 1 numerical control is shown 4 times like the graph. Among them, advocate charge the computer, campaign control gets stuck and but controller of process designing logic (Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) the core frame that makes numerical control system, they are having independent division of labor. In the moving process of the machine tool, this 3 person between hold real time from beginning to end two-way communication, control whole system jointly move. The particular function of departmental cent explains as follows. (1) advocate control the computer: The core of numerical control system. Main function is to offer interactive interface, of code of responsible numerical control generate and compile, contrail of cutting tool motion is emulated, and what card and PLC control to motion in machining a process is harmonious with monitoring. Advocate accuse the computer to be linked together through local area network and long-range computer, implementation and external data switch. (2) motion controls card: Component of athletic pilot core. Main task is the athletic control instruction that will control the computer independently through receiving, control synchronism of 7 electric machinery to move. This calories use VxWorks real time operating system, through SERCOS fiber-optic communication agreement and servo driver correspond, communication rate is rapid, information content is big, interference rejection capability is strong. (3) PLC: Core of electrical system pilot. Main task is to receive the auxiliary control that will control the computer independently to dictate (M dictates) , dominate auxiliary equipment action; Through controlling transducer, control the electric main shaft of the machine tool then; Manage knife library; Logic of electric to each component concerns in machine tool moving process undertake monitoring, and breakdown is diagnosed and handle. (4) long-range computer: Form the core of old system of much machine tool. Be linked together with much stage machine tool at the same time through sth resembling a net of local area network, undertake with them data is exchanged and practice long-range control. This kind of means is managing software resource, facilitating concentration manages and monitoring. (5) knife library: The management center of machine tool cutting tool. Can install 24 cutting tool, what and can come true machine a process is automatic change a knife. The control of knife library is mixed by PLC advocate accuse the computer to combine implementation. Of library of PLC responsible knife turn knife and the process that change a knife, advocate accuse computer control to turn knife and the open that change a knife. The software of system of numerical control of machining center of machine tool of paralell connection of software of system of 2 numerical control uses Nextpage modular design means. From functional implementation angle differentiates, can divide for 3 module: Process designing and module of control of emulation module, sport and measure module, if pursue,5 are shown. Introduce as follows respectively now: (1) process designing and emulation module. Process designing basically uses orbit to describe file, Dao Weiwen with emulation module control data file with motion. Among them, file of cutting tool position is the difficulty of software process designing, the interference desired result that this file basically achieves a machine tool, imitate is emulated, the function such as craft management and description of cutting tool position; Orbit description file is based on APT language development, the user uses basic contrail element, special feature and linear, can build outline contrail conveniently; File of athletic control data describes the generation after the operation such as interpolation of compensation of file classics cutting tool, contrail by cutting tool contrail, the campaign that is used at memory servo electric machinery dominates data. (2) motion controls module. This module assemble all involves hardware share operations in the system, basically include voluntary movement control, hand to use campaign control of I/O of quantity of control of library of control of control, main shaft sport, auxiliary function, knife, switch and imitate quantity, and the moving monitoring of departmental cent and wrong processing child module. Among them most child the likeness in module and system of ordinary numerical control, move athletic control, moving monitoring and mistake to handle 3 stature module to have brief introduction to voluntary movement control, hand only now. A. Voluntary movement is controlled child module. This module is used at the successive treatment of the machine tool. It undertook to cutting tool data the line is compiled leaving, the high speed synchronism that uses Kollmorgen motion to control the electronic cam function that card provides to realize each axis moves. This module still offers former road to retreat knife and cutter shaft direction to return the function such as the knife for the user, the user is OK the case that halfway ends time-out to machine falls to restore breakpoint automatically, so that continue,machine. B.
The hand moves motion to control child module. This module is used at moving by handwheel pilot machine tool. Undertake be goinged against in real time separating operation to compiler, what move in order to solve online bed is nonlinear. The hand moves motion to control module and measure module photograph to be united in wedlock, make numerical control system has very good measurement function. C.
Moving monitoring and wrong processing child module. In the system, be like next division of labor to running monitoring and the task that the mistake handles: PLC is in charge of system of system of main shaft of electric to departmental cent logistic concern, report and knife warehouse undertaking monitoring; Motion controls card to be in charge of undertaking monitoring to servo electric machinery. In the meantime, athletic control gets stuck and real time holds between PLC two-way communication, in order to realize chain action. Advocate the erroneous report that accuses the computer to receive PLC and hair of athletic control card to come, pass man-machine interface to show. And long-range computer passes a visit advocate the erroneous report file that controls the computer to go up undertakes long-range breakdown is diagnosed. (3) measure module. The flexibility that main shaft moves makes and online bed suits to measure workpiece very much. This system to produce this advantage of shunt-wound machine tool better, developed the measurement with complete function technically module, accordingly, this machine tool can regard as completely measure machine use. The particular function that measures module includes: A.
The measurement that workpiece coordinate fastens. Before be being used at treatment, to workpiece coordinate the department undertakes metrical, the position is placed in order to define work in the outfit on the machine tool. This function avoided the trival and intricate work in traditional machine tool to search to working. B.
The knife grows and measure automatically of cutting tool diameter. Use measure accessarily randomly head and to the knife implement, the user is very OK the parameter that measures cutting tool conveniently. C.
The automatic demarcate of the machine tool. The user can change in environmental temperature bigger or when the machine tool removes, undertake to machine tool precision proper motion demarcate is mixed amend. D.
Online treatment precision is measured. The user can undertake to workpiece online treatment precision is measured. The machining center of shunt-wound machine tool that uses this task development applies to the milling in mechanical manufacturing industry to machine, suit the treatment of spare parts of complex and free curved surface especially. Free curved surface is a project in most complex and the curved surface that often encounters, the appearance of a lot of spare partses in the branch such as aviation, shipbuilding, car, the sources of energy, national defence (like curved surface of paddle of blade curved surface, airscrew, change be apart from helicoid and mould job surface) all be dimensional freedom curved surface. Current, the machine tool of 5 coordinate numerical control that can machine free curved surface is foreign production more, its price is high. The process capability of our country free curved surface already became the bottleneck that the industry grows. The ground of machining center of shunt-wound machine tool that this task prepares the different attitude of main shaft, cent of size range of pipe bent is: Main shaft and Z axis included angle 27 ° , × 250mm of φ 400mm; Main shaft and Z axis included angle 10 ° , × 290mm of φ 600mm. Main parameter: Main shaft is the largest speed taking a knife: 4000mm/min; Main shaft moves quickly speed: 15000mm/ Min; Precision of two-way fixed position: 0.
022mm; Rated power of electric main shaft: 14kW; Electric main shaft is rated rotate speed: 100 ～ 10000r/min; Electric main shaft is rated torsion: 110Nm; Knife library contains knife amount: 24. Because do not have hypostatic coordinate department, workpiece coordinate fastens build and the coordinate changeover of workpiece and machine tool relies on software implementation completely, need not search in that way like traditional machine tool workpiece, handlers can build workpiece coordinate department conveniently. Machining the technical respect of turbine lamina with machining center of shunt-wound machine tool, completed treatment of curved surface of blade blade profile and clear root treatment; Usable UG undertakes blade machines numerical control process designing and treatment to emulate. At present machining center of this shunt-wound machine tool already had 4 application at Harbin the production of turbine plant machines the spot, a production that uses at having factory of Xi Dingyuan lamina machines the spot. In blade treatment is become too in, need 1 times to hold clip only, change a knife automatically, can finish blade steam path face, Xie Ding, Xie Genyuan horn and into, the treatment of horn of Bian Yuan giving steam, complete the treatment of the much level, turbine lamina part that has complex and free curved surface successfully. Among them, the treatment efficiency of individual lamina and Switzerland Sitelage 5 coordinate lamina is special the machine tool comparatives. Graph the 6 treatment spots that are lamina of turbine of 1Cr13 stainless steel. Be being used and treatment of machining center of couplet machine tool is marine medium or small the CNC Machining respect of airscrew, process designing of airscrew CNC Machining can be finished below UG environment, undertake machining emulate and interfering desired result with Vericut. Current, already used machining center of shunt-wound machine tool to complete the treatment of small-sized airscrew successfully. Machining center of machine tool of last word paralell connection will be shunt-wound organic ground ties the concerned theory of orgnaization and numerical control machine tool rise, formed the theory about machining center of shunt-wound machine tool, design a concept brand-newly with its, showed wide applied perspective and market potential to people. From at present applied effect can see, in a lot of respects, the machine tool of function excel tradition of shunt-wound machine tool. Can foreknow, machining center of shunt-wound machine tool will occupy the partial application territory of traditional machine tool not only, and be sure to be enlarge of industry of whole machine tool to exhibit a vaster applied domain. CNC Milling
CNC Machining